Guide
Should You Include References on Your Resume?
Short answer: no, leave references off your resume entirely, including the line 'References available upon request.' Here's why, and what to do instead.
Don't List References on Your Resume
Neither your references' contact details nor the phrase "References available upon request" belong on a modern resume. Employers assume you can provide references if asked, so the line states the obvious while using up space that's better spent on your actual qualifications. It's also a small, dated tell, most current resume advice, and most recruiters, consider it a leftover from resume conventions that stopped being standard practice years ago.
What to Do Instead
Use that space for something that actually helps your case: an extra achievement bullet, a relevant project, or a skills line tailored to the job description. If an employer wants references, they'll ask for them later in the process, typically after an interview, and will usually ask for a specific number and format at that point.
How to Actually Prepare Your References (For When You're Asked)
Have a separate document ready, not part of your resume, listing 2-3 professional references: name, their relationship to you, their title and company, and their contact details. Always ask each person's permission before listing them, and give them a heads-up (and ideally, what role you're applying for) before an employer actually calls.
- Choose people who can speak to your actual work: a former manager, a senior colleague, a client, not just a personal contact
- Confirm current contact details before you need them, people change jobs and phone numbers
- Give each reference context on the specific role so their answer sounds informed, not generic
Frequently Asked Questions
Should I write 'References available upon request' on my resume?
No. It's assumed and wastes space that's better used for your qualifications. Leave it off entirely.
Where should I put my references then?
In a separate document, not on your resume, that you prepare in advance and send only when an employer specifically asks for it, usually after an interview.
How many references should I have ready?
2-3 is typical, though some employers ask for more. Always confirm the number they want when they ask.
Do I need my references' permission before listing them?
Yes, always ask first, and give them context about the role so they're prepared if contacted.
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